Beverly-Barbara (1943 - ) restaurant worker

Beverly-Barbara*, from the Los Angeles area, was definitely a transkid expressing girls’ interest and dressing as a girl from an early age. Her parents hoped that she would grow out of it.

At age 15 she found work as a cocktail waitress, and saved up enough money to go and see Harry Benjamin. She claimed to be 18, although only 16, and Benjamin prescribed female hormones. Beverly-Barbara followed up with breast implants and electrolysis. Her voice had not changed much at puberty.

She found a boy-friend and in early 1967 they were married in Reno. She was able to do presenting her drivers license only. Beverly-Barbara was by then working as a receptionist at a prominent restaurant, but still not able to afford completion surgery. Benjamin suggested that she get in touch with Richard Green who, after two years with Benjamin in New York and a year in London with John Randell, had returned to the University of California Los Angeles Gender Identity Research Clinic (UCLA GIRC).

When Beverly-Barbara approached Green, he initially failed to understand why she was doing so.

“On the phone I did not suspect that she was transsexual. In person I saw no clue either.’ (Green, 2019: 144)

The GIRC had been active since 1962 but had not actually provided transgender surgery to any one, and Green thought that it was time to do so. Robert Stoller, the head of the GIRC was cautious about permitting such surgery, but was open to it being used as a research technique.

“Patient selection was crucial. It should be limited to those males who had been very feminine in childhood, had never lived acceptably in a masculine role, and who had not derived pleasure from their penis. He termed these ‘true transsexuals’.” (Green, 2010:1459).

Beverly-Barbara met these requirements. Green also endorsed John Money’s proposal that transsexual patients should undergo at least 12 months ‘real-life test’. Beverly-Barbara had in effect undergone 10 years real-life test.

Green enquired about the likelihood of being charged with mayhem. The University of California legal counsel in Berkeley quickly replied that such was a possibility, but that the University would pay the legal bill.

Green presented Beverly-Barbara to the GIRC at a Saturday morning conference in November 1968. Stoller gave a qualified approval. A second opinion was obtained from UCLA psychiatrist Larry Newman, and urologist Willard Goodwin (Elmer Belt's ++nephew who had argued against the continuation of transgender surgery by his uncle in 1954) agreed to do the operation.

All went well, and Beverly-Barbara co-operated in follow-up interviews. Then she disappeared into private life.

• Robert Stoller,. Sex and Gender: On the Development of Masculinity and Femininity, Science House,1968: 251..
• Joanne Meyerowitz. How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States. Harvard University Press, 2002: 214.
• Richard Green. “Robert Stoller’s Sex and Gender: 40 Years on”. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 2010: 1459.
• Richard Green. Gay Rights, Trans Rights: A psychiatrist/lawyer’s 50-year battle. 2018: chp 19.

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*Green 2010 calls her Barbara; Green 2018 calls her Beverly.  Meyerowitz does not give her a name.

Beverly-Barbara will now be 75 years old.

Other clinics refused to start the clock on the real-life test until after they had interviewed the patient – as Holly Woodlawn had found when she approached Johns Hopkins in 1966.


Of course Beverly-Barbara is very similar to Agnes, who had been approved for surgery with Elmer Belt by Stoller 10 years earlier. There has been a lot of commentary about Agnes, but very little about Beverly-Barbara.

Karen Ulane (1941 – 1989) pilot, florist.

Kenneth Ulane was born in Chicago. He learned to fly in 1959, and became a Licensed Pilot in 1964. From 1964-8 he flew a record number of combat mission for the US Army in Vietnam, for which he received a Air Medal with Eight Clusters. After leaving the army, he flew over 8,000 hours in Boeing 727s for Eastern Airlines, progressing from second to first officer, and served as a flight instructor. He also married and had a son.

Ulane was diagnosed as transsexual in 1979, and completed transition in 1980. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) recertified Karen as a pilot. However Eastern fired her in 1981 citing possible safety hazards in stressful situations.

Karen sued in 1983. Richard Green argued for the plaintiff that she was a woman and under considerable less stress after reassignment. The psychiatrist for the defense argued that she was not a transsexual, but an operated transvestite. The Federal District Judge held that Ulane had been discriminated against as a woman, and ordered reinstatement and $158,590 in back pay and legal expenses, saying the 1964 Federal anti-discrimination law protects transsexuals. However, the Appeals Court in 1984 overruled. Ulane v. Eastern Airlines became the federal legal precedent for transsexual legal status under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, that is it denied Title VII sex discrimination protection by narrowly interpreting "sex" discrimination as discrimination “against women". Ulane was discriminated against as a transsexual, not as a woman, and so was not covered under Title VII.

“Since Ulane was not discriminated against as a female, and since Title VII is not so expansive in scope as to prohibit discrimination against transsexuals, we reverse the order of the trial court and remand for entry of judgment in favor of Eastern on Count I and dismissal of Count II.”

The Supreme Court let that decision stand. Eastern then settled out-of-court for a larger amount but no reinstatement.

Karen opened a flower shop and an aviation equipment business in Aurora, Illinois. She and two passengers died in 1989 in the crash of a twin-propeller DC-3 in a field near Aurora.

Eastern Airlines went bankrupt in 1991.

• E.R Shipp. "Federal Judge Orders Eastern Airlines to Rehire Transsexual Pilot". New York Times, Dec 28, 1983. Online at: www.karenserenity.com/OldSerenity/Gallery5.htm.
• "Pilot loses appeal in sex change Case". Chicago Tribune. Dec 28, 1983. Online at: www.karenserenity.com/OldSerenity/Gallery5.htm.
• "Karen Frances Ulane v. Eastern Airlines, Inc" United States Court of Appeals, Aug 29, 1984. http://law.gsu.edu/skaminshine/spring99/law7195/ulane.htm.
• "Karen Ulane, 48, Pilot; Who Had Sex Change". New York Times, May 24, 1989. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE2DD123FF937A15756C0A96F948260.
• Richard Green. "American Law Does/Does Not Respond to the Transsexual". Gendys Conference, 1994. www.gender.org.uk/conf/1994/green.htm.
• "Karen Ulane". Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Ulane.
• Karen Serenity. “Karen Ulane”. Positive Thinking Successful Transsexual Women. www.karenserenity.com/OldSerenity/Gallery5.htm.